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\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a ISO 4802-1:2023 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. \u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 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\u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u201c\u0647\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f\u201d<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. \u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 HC \u0623\u0648 HCT\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 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barrier properties, chemical stability and premium appearance. However, glass is not completely inert. When a glass surface is exposed to water, moisture, heat or certain chemical environments for a long period, small quantities of alkali ions can migrate from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":37041,"menu_order":0,"template":"","news-category":[],"class_list":["post-37039","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d](\"https:\/\/www.daxinglassbottles.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Illustration-moisture-driven-glass-weathering-alkali-migration-and-white-haze-formation-1024x683.png\")
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HCT2<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
HCT3<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 HCT1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 HCT2\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 HCT2 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 HCT3.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GB\/T 4548 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\n
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1. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2. \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
6. \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n
\n
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\n
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\n
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